Colon cancer surgery involves procedures to remove cancerous sections of the colon, and sometimes nearby tissues are also removed. Following certain types of colon surgery, a surgeon may create a colostomy to change how waste exits the body. This adjustment allows the affected part of the colon to heal. Here’s more information on colostomies after colon cancer surgery:
Colostomy Types
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that reroutes the large intestine to an opening on the abdomen. This procedure is often utilized following a colon cancer surgery to allow for proper healing while maintaining key bodily functions. After the removal of cancerous sections of the colon, the remaining tissue needs time to recover, and a colostomy provides a temporary or permanent alternative pathway for waste elimination.
This procedure is beneficial when extensive portions of the colon or rectum are removed, as reconnecting the digestive tract may not be immediately possible or safe. By diverting waste away from the healing areas, colostomies reduce the risk of complications like infection. In cases where the cancer has caused irreversible damage to the lower colon, a permanent colostomy bag may be necessary.
The Procedure
During a colostomy procedure, a surgeon diverts the end of the large intestine through an opening in the abdominal wall. This opening, called a stoma, becomes the new exit for stool. A pouching system, often referred to as a colostomy bag, is then placed over the stoma to collect waste as it leaves the body. The pouch is designed to be secure and discreet, and it adheres to the skin around the stoma.
The Types
Where the stoma is located along the colon determines the colostomy type, and this placement affects the consistency of stool. The three main options are:
- Sigmoid Colostomy: Created in the sigmoid colon, which is the last section of the large intestine. Stool from a sigmoid colostomy is typically solid and more formed because it has passed through most of the colon.
- Descending Colostomy: This type is placed in the descending colon, located on the left side of the abdomen. The stool is usually firm, similar to that of a sigmoid colostomy.
- Transverse Colostomy: Situated in the transverse colon, which runs across the upper part of the abdomen. A transverse colostomy results in stool that is often soft or loose, so it may require more frequent management. This type tends to be used for temporary colostomies.
Colostomy Aftercare
Adjusting to a colostomy is a process that involves some changes. While it requires a new routine, a colostomy can provide several benefits for individuals recovering from major surgery, such as symptom relief. Healing after a colostomy is a gradual process that varies depending on individual factors. It is normal to experience swelling and tenderness around the stoma site, which will subside over time.
The stoma itself may appear red and moist, which is a sign of proper healing. It is also common to feel fatigue in the weeks following surgery, as your body dedicates energy toward recovery. During the healing period, certain adjustments are necessary. You may need to modify your diet to avoid triggering digestive upset and help regulate output consistency. As you heal, you will be able to return to a regular diet.
Learning proper stoma care, such as cleaning the area and changing the colostomy bag, is fundamental to preventing irritation or infection. Your medical team is there to support you and to ease your transition. You will not have to change your first bag for several days after your surgery, as it takes time for your body to adjust.
Colostomy Bag Care
Managing a colostomy bag is a key part of daily life after surgery, and with practice, caring for a stoma and pouching system becomes a manageable routine. It involves emptying the pouch when it is about one-third to one-half full to prevent it from becoming too heavy and pulling away from the skin. A secure seal is key to preventing leaks, and individuals learn how to apply the skin barrier and pouch correctly from their medical team.
Caring for the skin around the stoma is also imperative for comfort and pouch adherence. Keeping the skin clean and dry helps maintain its health. Patients with colostomy bags can stay prepared by organizing their supplies and keeping them accessible, whether at home or away. Having extra pouches, skin barriers, and cleaning wipes can help keep stomas and the surrounding skin clean and healthy.
Learn More About Colon Cancer Surgery
Living with a colostomy involves learning new self-care skills and adapting to changes in your body. It is an adjustment, but many resources are available to provide support. For detailed information and guidance tailored to your specific situation, contact a colorectal specialist for more details.